From Fun to Hazardous: The Communication Risks of Influential Voices Endorsing Conspiracy Theories

By Laci Ram

Media Analytics Executive

Photo courtesy of The Independent

The theories of a fake moon landing or flat earth are familiar to many. However, when do these theories shift from harmless speculation to dangerous? In recent years, conspiracy theories were linked to shootings, a Capitol insurrection, and even the loss of life in the United States. These alarming incidents reveal a grim reality: conspiracies can dangerously manifest into acts of terror, endangering countless lives if not handled appropriately. These dangers are amplified when high-profile voices with massive platforms endorse conspiracies. 

While conspiracy theories can be fun, and sometimes may even turn out to be true, it is important to approach them with caution. Most conspiracy theories lack substantial evidence and originate from unreliable sources. They often gain traction during times of uncertainty, where they may shift attention away from pressing issues or influence how people view institutions and authority figures. In a digital age, the problem is no longer only what is said, but how quickly the message will be spread, reshaped and redistributed. 

The risks associated with conspiracy theories grow when influential figures, such as political leaders, endorse and promote these theories. Research has shown that leaders sometimes use conspiracy theories strategically. A 2022 study concluded, 

“Leaders use conspiracy theories as a tool to advance their self-interest, especially when they encounter threats to their status. Certain leaders…are especially likely to capitalize on the features that distinguish conspiracy theories from other types of beliefs, including their non-falsifiable nature, the cynical connotations they attach to established institutions, and the belief that powerful forces are corrupt and seek to harm them.”  

The patterns detailed in this excerpt reflect events that unfolded during and after Donald Trump’s first presidency. According to a Cornell University study, Trump was the single largest driver of misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic, a time of mass uncertainty. Trump appeared in nearly 38 percent of the global “misinformation conversation.”

When Trump lost the 2020 election, he promoted theories on Twitter suggesting that the U.S. voting system was rigged against him. These claims not only eroded trust in the electoral process, but served as motivation for some of his supporters to attack the U.S Capitol on Jan. 6th, 2021. 

That day, a mob stormed the Capitol to disrupt the certification of the 2020 election results, resulting in the death of 4 people and the subsequent suicide of 4 officers. This event highlights how serious consequences can arise from leaders amplifying conspiracy theories online. 

The attack on the Capitol, and misinformation surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrate the potential dangers posed by the spread of conspiracy theories. These dangers are significantly magnified when promoted by powerful figures. The risks extend beyond one individual or political party. Distrust and misinformation can spread much quicker in a digital age. As voters, communicators and consumers of information, it is important to evaluate sources, challenge unsubstantiated claims and strengthen our media literacy.